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What was the purpose of the first fleet's arrival in 1788?

  1. To establish a trading post

  2. To establish diplomatic relations

  3. To explore new lands

  4. To set up a convict settlement for the British Government

The correct answer is: To set up a convict settlement for the British Government

The first fleet's arrival in 1788 had the purpose of setting up a convict settlement for the British Government. This was a response to the overcrowding of British prisons and the need to find a new solution for punishment and rehabilitation. Option A is incorrect because the main purpose was not for trading, although it did eventually lead to an expansion of trade in the region. Option B is incorrect because at the time, Australia was not recognized as a sovereign nation and thus, diplomatic relations were not a priority. Option C is also incorrect as the main purpose of the fleet was not to explore new lands but rather to establish a settlement for the British government. Therefore, option D is the most accurate choice.